What condition is characterized by an acute onset of confusion, disorientation, withdrawal, and lethargy?

The condition characterized by an acute onset of confusion, disorientation, withdrawal, and lethargy is delirium. Delirium is a serious disturbance in mental abilities that results in confused thinking and reduced awareness of the environment. It often occurs suddenly and can fluctuate in intensity throughout the day.

The symptoms mentioned—confusion, disorientation, withdrawal, and lethargy—align with the hallmark features of delirium. This condition is often a result of underlying medical issues such as infections, metabolic imbalances, or substance withdrawal, making prompt recognition and intervention crucial for patient safety and recovery.

In contrast, psychosis involves a broader array of symptoms including hallucinations and delusions, which are not specifically highlighted in the question. Neurosis refers to a variety of psychological disorders that involve chronic distress but do not typically present with acute confusion. Depression can lead to lethargy and withdrawal, but it usually develops gradually and features persistent low mood rather than sudden disorientation. Thus, it is delirium that fits the description provided.